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Abstract: Father Tacchi Venturi, a Jesuit, was the only man in the Holy See who had a continuous and uninterrupted relationship with Mussolini, from the day he seized power to the fall of Fascism, and this cannot be considered a secondary detail, much less a simple coincidence. The Vatican documents recently made public show that the influence of the church on the regime’s ideological actions was very powerful. Ideas about the family, the roles of men and women, education, the importance of marriage, demographic policies, and legislation encouraging a high birth rate are only a few of the many religious concerns that were frequently intertwined with political aims in a structural relationship so organic that it is hard to distinguish to what degree a certain action undertaken by the government was Fascist, and to what degree it was the result of pressure exerted by the Vatican upon the Fascist establishment.