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Abstract: This study proposes to identify the modifications to the architectonic complex of Collegio Romano and place them within the historical context of the period following the Unification of Italy. The changes were carried out by the new political class respecting the monument's original cultural vocation. The restoration aimed at canceling the symbols of the building’s previous identity, ennobling the modest appearance of the monastic architecture and adapting the interior spaces to new cultural contexts and purposes: classrooms and laboratories for the E.Q. Visconti high school; reading rooms for the Vittorio Emanuele II National Library; exposition halls for the museum of antiquities instituted, along with the library, by the Minister of Education, Ruggero Bonghi; laboratories for the Central Office of Meteorology.