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Abstract: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS: BUSINESSES, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, WELFARE The article describes the structural characteristics that define the institutional, economic and social profile of the city of Rome in the years between 1940 and 1943. By analyzing the extent of occupation in the capital’s productive sectors and in public administration, it appears that the war’s impact on Rome was less dramatic than that in the country’s other large cities for this three year span, thanks largely to the diversified structure of its public and private institutions and to the welfare network. The article highlights the important role played by the public administration as a “social buffer” in a phase of declining occupation in those traditionally solid sectors of the city’s economy such as building and trade.