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Abstract: Between 1850 and 1862 the principal European cities were developing projects to transform their historic centers as well as considering proposals for growth. Paris, Berlin, Milan, Rome, Vienna, Barcelona and Madrid were looking for ways to alter the already-existing urban structure at the same time they were creating a new image of the city. A new urban culture had come to Europe. When the previous models were questioned, one can see how, between the construction of the Napoleonic cities and the cities of that time, the idea of the liberal city – the city that was planned and constructed with private money – had taken root in the above-mentioned countries. That which in the beginning began as timely interventions soon came to define the very image of the city. The aim of this article is to understand how the existing urban knowledge as it was understood in the later eighteenth century (beautification, alignment, the widening of new avenues, the construction of infrastructure … ) lasted into the second half of the nineteenth century.