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Abstract: The Alexandrian urban history has been since the eighteenth century marked by urban decisions based on strategic-military issues who have irreversibly altered the fabric. The historic military vocation still hangs on the choices of local and national administrations. Future uses of the seventeenth citadel beyond Tanaro, and the eighteenth Valfrè barracks on the edge of the historic center, are designed to have considerable impact on the urban fabric. Contemporary Alexandria confronts daily with its past of military city. The current urban design, the presence of large military «spaces», now returned, or in the process of restitution, to a civilian use, are the result of a long season, lasting centuries, during which Alexandria lived the role of outpost, from which either attack or defend.