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Abstract: Luigi Federico Menabrea represents a very prominent person of the Italian armed forces of the nineteenth century. As an officer of military engineer and Professor emeritus of Turin University, he linked his name to the concept of elasticity to the construction theory. Moreover, he was President of the Committee of military engineers, as well as Minister of the Navy, of Public Works and President of the Council of Ministers. He was the chief architect of the nineteenth century’s general plan for defence of the Italian military State between 1864 and 1873, and of the consequent territorial militarization. In this essay, Menabrea as an engineer and military architect, is examined his participation to Italy’s defence organization; along with the direct incidence of Giuseppe Poggi’s work on the town-planning of Florence. Furthermore, the essay is focused on the constructive of the break-water of the gulf of La Spezia, as well as on the architectonic form assigned to the fortresses of the most important strongholds, among which Rome, the capital of Italy.