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Abstract: From the beginning of the 2000s, some French historians working on towns, from Antiquity to present times, are trying to organize and to develop their researches as a distinct field of history. They have created an academic society – la Société française d’Histoire Urbaine – and a journal – Histoire Urbaine. They promote a particular way to approach urban history especially through the spatialization of every phenomenon they studied, whether political, administrative or religious. They have also broken with the old vision of the early modern and modern towns as dangerous places in order to emphasize on their capacities to integrate very different populations. Based upon a reading of twenty-five issues of Histoire Urbaine and of recent monographs, this paper gives to see these developments and points out some new researches like in environmental history or about the evolution of the urban fabric. The general movement is characterized by a desire to do «urban history» and not town’s history or «history and the city».