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Abstract: The Medici constantly encouraged both merchants and skilled craftsmen of any nation or religion to settle in Livorno. Their goal was create an important Mediterranean port by promoting trade and manufacturing activities in this city. This essay examines the development of Livorno during the years following the decrees issued by Ferdinando I in 1590-1591 which aimed to populate the city. Following a significant immigration boost, the Grand Duke instructed that houses, shops, factories and warehouses be built within the 1577 city walls. Building typologies and settlement criteria for foreign merchants, entrepreneurs and craftsmen, will be analysed along with the numerous services provided by the Grand Duke particularly to all those foreigners who established specialized activities.