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Abstract: The essay concentrates on the analyses of the urban transformation around the basilica of «Santa Maria Maggiore» during the years of its renewal by Paul V Borghese (1605-1621) and particularly on the creation of Via Paolina. Such a project was the result of convergent interests: the desire of the pontiff to build a residential zone to join the basilica and the existing populated area towards the Suburra and the plans of the Santarelli family, with Liberian canon Odoardo and his brother Giovanni, owner of the adjacent land, aimed at turning the property into a profi table building project. Also involved were other private parties and the restoration of the fi fteenth century residence of the Liberian patriarch. Thus a series of interconnected interests worked effectively, highlighting the difference in strategy of those years compared to the choices imposed by Sixtus V.