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Abstract: Following the chronicle of Giovanni Villani, one can easily understand the extent of the disaster caused by the flood of 1333, compared to the deluge and judged one turning point for the city. Heralded by numerous floods between thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the disaster is exacerbated by the indiscriminate exploitation of the suburban areas, also well described by the abundant written documentation. The same Villani wonders if the event is a punishment from God or, rather, the logical consequence of irresponsible human behavior. The republic arrange for a prompt regulation of the water upstream of the city and to repair the considerable damage around the countryside. But civic pride and superstition make forget the teaching.

Keywords: Florence; Arno River; floods; 1333; urban history