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Abstract: During the so-called “economic boom” (1958-1963) the process of industrialization in Bologna was very fast, deeply modifying the territory of both the city and the province. From the late-1950s, industrialization affected most of municipalities around Bologna, creating an “industrial belt” around the city. Those municipalities offered favourable conditions for implanting new factories or moving existing ones from Bologna - cheap building land, tax incentives, easy access to the road network. The present paper analyses the creation of Bologna’s industrial belt and its effects from three correlated points of view. Firstly, the development of industrial plants and their socio-economic context in the Italian “economic boom” years will be considered. Next, the perception of changes and their representation through the press will be analysed in depth. Lastly, the political debate concerning the creation of the Bologna’s industrial belt as well as the first administrative measures regulating the industrial settlements in the province of Bologna will also be examined.